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Chemistry (Triple Award): All Topics
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What are the three states of matter?
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Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry (Triple Award)
Chemistry (Triple Award): All TopicsComplete deck
01·1(a) States of matter
What are the three states of matter?
Answer
Solid, liquid and gas.
02·1(a) States of matter
How are particles arranged in a typical solid?
Answer
Very close together, usually in a regular arrangement.
03·1(a) States of matter
How do particles move in a solid?
Answer
They vibrate about fixed positions; they do not move freely past one another.
04·1(a) States of matter
How are particles arranged in a liquid?
Answer
Close together, mostly touching, but irregularly arranged.
05·1(a) States of matter
How do particles move in a liquid?
Answer
They move randomly and slide past one another.
06·1(a) States of matter
How are particles arranged in a gas?
Answer
Far apart with large spaces between them and no regular arrangement.
07·1(a) States of matter
How do gas particles move?
Answer
Rapidly, randomly and in all directions.
08·1(a) States of matter
What is kinetic energy?
Answer
The energy a particle has because it is moving.
09·1(a) States of matter
Why does a solid have a fixed shape?
Answer
Strong attractions hold its particles near fixed positions; they can only vibrate.
10·1(a) States of matter
Why does a liquid take the shape of its container but retain a fixed volume?
Answer
Particles remain close together but can move past each other, so the liquid flows without spreading to fill all available space.
11·1(a) States of matter
Why does a gas fill its container?
Answer
Its particles are far apart and move freely and randomly in all directions.
12·1(a) States of matter
Why are gases much more compressible than liquids?
Answer
Gas particles have large gaps between them that can be reduced; liquid particles are already close together.
13·1(a) States of matter
How does particle spacing explain why gases have low densities?
Answer
Gas particles are widely separated, so a given volume contains relatively little matter.
14·1(a) States of matter
How should you draw a particle model of a solid?
Answer
Draw equal-sized particles touching or very close in neat rows; indicate vibrations about fixed positions.
15·1(a) States of matter
How should you draw a particle model of a liquid?
Answer
Draw close, mostly touching particles in a random arrangement, with arrows indicating movement past each other.
16·1(a) States of matter
How should you draw a particle model of a gas?
Answer
Draw widely spaced particles distributed throughout the container, with arrows pointing in different directions.
17·1(a) States of matter
What happens to the motion of particles when a substance is heated without changing state?
Answer
Their average kinetic energy increases, so they move faster or vibrate more vigorously.
18·1(a) States of matter
A diagram shows close-packed, randomly arranged particles that can move past one another. Identify the state and justify it.
Answer
Liquid: the particles are close together but not fixed in a regular arrangement, allowing them to flow.
19·1(a) States of matter
Two diagrams show particles equally far apart, but in one diagram they are moving faster. What is different about the samples?
Answer
The sample with faster-moving particles has a higher average kinetic energy and, for the same gas, a higher temperature.
20·1(a) States of matter
A gas is compressed in a syringe. Explain why its particles do not need to become smaller.
Answer
Compression reduces the empty spaces between gas particles; the particles themselves remain the same size.
21·1(a) States of matter
A particle diagram shows touching particles in neat rows but arrows indicating movement between rows. What is inconsistent?
Answer
A solid arrangement has particles held near fixed positions; they should vibrate, not move freely between rows.
22·1(a) States of matter
What is melting?
Answer
The change of state from solid to liquid when energy is supplied.
23·1(a) States of matter
What is freezing?
Answer
The change of state from liquid to solid when energy is removed.
24·1(a) States of matter
What is boiling?
Answer
The change from liquid to gas throughout the liquid at its boiling point.
25·1(a) States of matter
What is evaporation?
Answer
The change from liquid to gas at the surface; it can happen below the boiling point.
26·1(a) States of matter
What is condensation?
Answer
The change of state from gas to liquid as energy is removed.
27·1(a) States of matter
What is sublimation?
Answer
The direct change of state from solid to gas without forming a liquid.
28·1(a) States of matter
What is deposition?
Answer
The direct change from gas to solid without forming a liquid; also called desublimation.
29·1(a) States of matter
What is the melting point?
Answer
The temperature at which a substance changes between solid and liquid under specified conditions.
30·1(a) States of matter
What is the boiling point?
Answer
The temperature at which a liquid boils under specified conditions.