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When was the Paris Peace Conference held?
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Cambridge IGCSE History
History: All TopicsComplete deck
01·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
When was the Paris Peace Conference held?
Answer
In 1919–20, after the First World War, to decide peace settlements for the defeated countries.
02·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
Who were the Big Three at Versailles?
Answer
Woodrow Wilson (USA), David Lloyd George (Britain), and Georges Clemenceau (France).
03·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
Which country did Woodrow Wilson represent?
Answer
The United States of America.
04·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
Which country did David Lloyd George represent?
Answer
Britain.
05·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
Which country did Georges Clemenceau represent?
Answer
France.
06·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What were Wilson's Fourteen Points?
Answer
Principles announced in 1918 to establish a fair and lasting peace after the First World War.
07·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What is self-determination?
Answer
The principle that peoples should be able to decide how they are governed, rather than be ruled by an empire.
08·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What international organisation did Wilson want?
Answer
A League of Nations in which countries would co-operate to prevent wars.
09·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What was Clemenceau's main aim at Versailles?
Answer
To weaken Germany so it could never invade France again.
10·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What was Lloyd George's broad approach to Germany?
Answer
Punish Germany, but not so harshly that it sought revenge or could no longer trade with Britain.
11·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What does 'reparations' mean?
Answer
Payments by a defeated country to compensate for war damage.
12·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What did Article 231 of the Treaty require?
Answer
Germany had to accept responsibility for causing the war and the losses and damage it caused.
13·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
On what date was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
Answer
28 June 1919.
14·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What reparations figure was set for Germany in 1921?
Answer
£6,600 million (132 billion gold marks).
15·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What happened to Alsace–Lorraine under the Treaty?
Answer
It was returned from Germany to France.
16·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What was the maximum permitted size of the German army?
Answer
100,000 volunteer soldiers.
17·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What is conscription?
Answer
Compulsory military service; Germany was forbidden to use it.
18·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What military equipment was Germany forbidden to possess?
Answer
Military aircraft, submarines and armoured vehicles such as tanks.
19·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
How large could the German navy be?
Answer
Six battleships and 15,000 sailors; no submarines.
20·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What was the Rhineland under the Treaty?
Answer
A demilitarised zone: Germany could not station its troops there.
21·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What happened to Germany's overseas colonies?
Answer
They were removed and administered as League of Nations mandates, largely under British and French control.
22·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What was forbidden between Germany and Austria?
Answer
Anschluss: a political union of Germany and Austria.
23·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
Who controlled the Saarland immediately after the Treaty?
Answer
The League of Nations for 15 years; France received its coal, with a future plebiscite planned.
24·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
How did Germany respond when the Treaty terms were announced?
Answer
Its government and public were outraged; Germans saw the terms as humiliating and unfair.
25·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What nickname did right-wing Germans use for Weimar leaders?
Answer
'November Criminals', whom they accused of betraying Germany at the end of the war.
26·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What was the Kapp Putsch?
Answer
A failed right-wing uprising in March 1920 against Ebert's Weimar government.
27·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What was hyperinflation?
Answer
An exceptionally rapid rise in prices that makes a currency lose much of its value.
28·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What happened in the Ruhr in 1923?
Answer
French and Belgian troops occupied the region after Germany failed to make required reparations payments.
29·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
What was passive resistance in the Ruhr?
Answer
German workers stopped work rather than help the occupying French and Belgian forces.
30·2 Core Content Option B - The twentieth century (from 1919) — 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles fair
Who led the failed Munich Putsch in November 1923?
Answer
Adolf Hitler and his Nazi supporters.